ISO 9000 Essay Example For Students

ISO 9000 Essay In order to stay competitive, businesses have to be the best at what theydo. Companys must be efficient and presise in all aspects of the job. (Metcalfe1).ISO 9000 is made up of managements responsibility, the producersinvolved in the Quality Management System, the contract review, the designcontrol, document and data control, purchasing, process control, inspection andtesting, control of non-conforming product, corrective action, handling, storage,packaging and delivery, internal quality audits, training, servicing and statisticaltechniques (Prasanna 1). Quality control and quality assurance is veryimportant there are certain requirements that take time and money to be met butin the end there are benefits. Types of specifications are very significant and thedocumentation of those is even more. Manufacturers and purchasers havemajor responsibility in the process of being successful. The quality of a productis so important, especially to the customer.A companys quality managementsyste m must become the documented proof of a firms commitment to qualitymanagement. A plan put together with quality procedures and work instructionsis provided to help companies design their own quality management system. After completing the quality procedures, companies are audited and thendetermined if they should be certified for ISO 9000 or not (Parsanna 2). ISO: International Organization of StandardsFounded in 1947 in Geneva Switzerland, ISO developed internationalstandards and helped exchange goods and services worldwide. It is made up ofover 90 countries including the US, which is called the American NationalStandards Institute. The name ISO came from the Greek word, isos, meaningequal (Henkoff 2). ISO was created by business men (Henkoff 2). Thesebusiness men knew what businesses needed to become more competitive andhow they could get higher customer satisfaction, so ISO was developed. ISO isnot government regulated, but is ran by organizations like the US RegistrarAccreditation Board. Such organizations authorize registrars which issue ISOcertificates (Barrier 2). In Europe some organizations are government regulated. The American National Standards Institute runs the ISO in the US andauthorizes the US Registrar Accreditation Board (Barrier 2). ISOs job is to setstandards for companies all over the world so that their products come outefficiently and to the best quality. This helps the customers who receive theexports know exactly what they are getting and are satisfied with the product. Setting these standards is done by ISO members at assembly meetings. Proposals are developed by the ISO Council, which is like the board of directorsin a business. These meetings are held three times a year and the membershipis rotated to allow more representatives in (iso online). Standards aredeveloped by technical committees. 30,000 experts participate to givecomments, feedback and to vote in meetings which are held15 times a dayelectronically.The experts are chosen by an ISO member of that country (isoThe ISO 9000 series was published in 1987 (iso online). It is astandardization system that was developed by ISO. It is obtained by 130countries, but its main office is in Geneva, Switzerland where the system iscoordinated and the finished standards are published (iso online). These ISOstandard are rules and guidelines that e nsure the product that a manufacturingbusiness produces is safe, reliable and efficient (iso online). These standardsmakes sure that businesses are living up to their promises. An ISO 9000certificate is given to a business when it maintains the quality managementrequirements determined by ISO (Henkoff 1). ISO 9000 helps a business to getcertified by telling it what requirements it should meet and how it will meet them. It provides a framework for a company. It sets standards worldwide and helpexport goods to other countries. However, the company must have good strongleaders for it to thrive. The success of ISO 9000 on a business largely dependson the businesss organization. Planning, training, setting and achieving goalsare all key to improvement or success of a business (Henkoff 5). ISO 9000makes sure a company is doing what it says it is doing and helps them do it. However, that doesnt mean it is running the company and telling it what to do(USAToday 1). The business is still an i ndependent business it is just gettingadvice on how to manufacture things and earning a certificate that is appealingto customers. However, that also doesnt mean that ISO 9000 promises thequality of a companys product will be great; Richard Buerow, director ofcorporate quality at Motorola states: With ISO 900 you can still have terribleprocesses and products. You can certify a manufacturer that makes life jacketsfrom concrete, as long as those jackets are made according to the documentedprocedures and the company provides the next of kin with instructions on how tocomplain about defects. Thats absurd (Henkoff 3). Its steps and procedureswill help a manufacturers product become better produced. ISO 9000 is divided into three equally ranked quality systems which abusiness can chooses by what quality system will cover their business processISO 9001 is for a business whose processes range from design anddevelopment, to production, installation and servicing. ISO 9002 is for a business t hat does not carry out design and development butanything else that is under ISO 9001. ISO 9003 is for a business whose process does not include design control,process control, purchasing or servicing, but uses inspection and testing toensure that final products and services meet specified requirements. Element 4.1: Management ResponsibilityThe responsibility of executive level management in regard to qualitypolicy, goals, commitment and implementation of the company quality systemHere management must have a Quality Policy and have it understoodthroughout the business. It is then managements responsibility to gatherresources and have trained employees to do the work. The Quality System isthen monitored by management representatives who report back to managementA Quality System must be used to ensure the product conforms tospecifications. The system will be described in documentation of sufficient detailto include structure, processes, and procedures that ensure product qualityThis system must be fully documented to fit ISO 9000 standards in aquality manual. This manual should contain a table of contents and history ofthe company (Stimson 168). This manual should also include customersspecifications and requirements (Stimson 165). The system should go with thebusinesss mission and po licy and show how its requirements should be met. Written plans should be shown on how to fulfill customers standards. A documented system for review and amendment of the contract, toensure customer performer agreement of expectations (Stimson 317). Some Major Parts of Industrial Relations in Bangladesh EssayCustomers have such a broad list of choices that today the competitivefield almost forces a company to be ISO 9000 certified. The certification helpsbusinesss compete, plan, audit and award (Henkoff 2) which means companieswho dont have it should get it. It is only implying that with out it their operatingsystem is incoherent by the workers and their quality system is poor. Foreignconsumers now demand ISO 9000 because they will know what they are goingto get when purchasing with that company (Metcalfe 2). ISO 9000 certification isvery important to the manufacturer because it saves money by reducing need foroutside quality audits and incoming products inspections (Barrier 1). Being ISO9000 certified is very important to the customer, because he/she knows that thebusiness has quality management procedures and knows what quality is in theproduct because it has the same standard through out the world. This opensnew global door s to companies which they would never get without ISO 9000. Now, ISO 9000 is more recognized than when it first came out, but only by somecustomers and only some companies have it. Two thirds of executives atmidsize manufacturing dont know what ISO 9000 is, they think it is a legalrequirement for doing business (Henkoff 2). The businesss who do have itusually get chosen by the customers. During the year 2000 it will be impossibleto compete with out it because it will be a very recognized and a very popularISO has produced and developed standard systems for screw threads tocredit and telephone cards to the this way up sign on boxes to the ISBNnumber in every book (iso online). Thousands of companies all over the worldare ISO 9000 certified. Here are some real life businesses that are certified andstories on how they have used ISO 9000 as a competitive weapon. Caterpillar Engines in Mosville, Illinois had customer complaints abouttheir engines not performing properly. ISO 9000 gave the manufacturers asystematic way to order a design change, make sure they used only the latestdocuments and made engines more efficiently. Their production time went downand their customer satisfaction went up (Henkoff 3). The Rockwell Internationals Allen-Bradley plant in Twinsburg, Ohio makecircuit boards and other electronics. Their problem was that they were extremelyunorganized. Tons of documentation and memos were posted up on a memoboard, most workers didnt get them until months later. Their managementquality was poor, so they got ISO 9000 certified. After getting certified withinone year their productivity improved 21%, time dropped 18% and productExcalibur USA became ISO 9000 certified and more than $10 million wassaved in operating expenses in a year. They gained 30% more business. Production increased, costs went down and customer satisfaction went upESPITI, a European software industry wanted to become morecompetitive so they got ISO 9000 certified. Being certified was essential to thembecause they knew it ensured quality and productivity and it is very good forUganda textile companies in Africa were getting hit by the worst cheapimports of fabric and their sales were bad. Once ISO 9000 cer tified they hadnew standards and fabric imported to them was good. It will lower productioncost and improve sales. Uganda is so satisfied with the improvement that fiftymore companies will have certification by the end of the year (Africa 1). In Batam, Indonesia twelve companies were ISO 9000 certified. Thecompanies were chosen because they wanted to have a competitive edge in ahuge global market demand and wanted to attain a good quality working systemCloister Spring Water Company in Lancaster, PA expanded by openingup three new plants. However, they were afraid that water would be bottled anddelivered differently at each plant. ISO 9000 certification solved that problemand in three years sales soared 250% more than they expected (USAToday 1). ISO 9000 is a competitive weapon all over the world and is becomingmore and more popular. In the October 1998 issue of Quality Progress, asurvey of 1240 US companies showed that of the certified companies (iso90% thought it is a value-added quality system87% thought that it was necessary to remain competitive78% thought that it definitely improved quality within a company73% thought it will save money in the long run99% said that it cannot be implemented without management commitment. Over 20,000 companies in the US are certified today. This shows thatbusinesses believe in a strong quality system, management quality,improvement, profit and competitiveness. All these business essential make upBibliography:BibliogrphyStimson, William A. Beyond ISO 9000: How to Sustain Quality in a DynamicWorld. New York: Amacom, 1998. Barrier, Micheal, Amy Zuckerman. Quality Standards the World Agrees on: Small Businesses Can Meet ISO 9000 Standard. Nations Business01 May 1994: 71-73. Martorana, Jamie. Newsbreak: 6 LI Manufacturers Granted Funds. Newsday29 November 1999: 1. Raman, Prasanna. An Insight into ISO 9000 for Small Businesses. NewStraits Times 24 February 1998. Metcalfe, Coll. Ventura County Business; The Business Beat: Firms Find ISO9000 Certification Means Business. Los Angeles Times02 March 1999: B1. Henkoff, Ronald. Managing: The Hot New Seal of Quality. Fortune 28 June 1993: 116. Surveyor Indonesia to Grant 12 ISO 9000/14000 Certificates. Asia Pulse 03 February 1998. ISO 9000 Helps Firms Achieve Consistency. USA Today 27 May 1998: 02B. Software Industry: ISO 9000 Key to Improving Europes SoftwarePerformance. European Report 01 May 1996. ISO Raises Manufacturers Hopes. Africa News Service 05 January 2000. IRS Lets Manufacturers Deduct Quality Certification Expenses. BloombergL.P. 06 January 2000. ISO 9000. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia 01 January 1998. International Organization for Standardization Homepage. 27 February 2000.

Dredd Scott Essay Example For Students

Dredd Scott Essay Dredd ScottAmerica in 1857 was a nation on the brink. Relationship between the North andSouth had been strained for decades and was only getting worse. All tension had to dowith the issues of slavery. In 1848 the U.S. had acquired new lands in the Mexicancession, and the debate was on. The question was whether or not the South should beallowed to spread slavery into the new states. This debate turned violent many times. TheSouth threatened to secede from the Union if a candidate from the Republican party, whowas antislavery, won. Amidst all of the tension would emerge a slave named Dredd Scott. Dredd Scott was a slave to Dr. John Emerson in St.Louis, Missouri a slave state. Scott spent most of his time in Illinois, a free state, because his owner Dr. Emerson was anArmy doctor and he stayed in Fort Armstrong in Illinois. Living in a free state hadconstituted freedom for previous slaves so Scott felt that he too deserved his freedom andhe brought his first case to court on April 6, 1846, at this time he had moved back toMissouri and was the property of Dr. Emerson’s wife. Scott filed a declaration on April 6,1846,which stated that Mrs. Emerson had â€Å"beat, bruised and ill treated him† beforeimprisoning him for twelve hours. He declared that he was to be free on the basis that hehad lived of Fort Armstrong and Fort Snelling which were both located in free states. Scott felt that he had a strong case as the Supreme Court of Missouri had freed slavesprevious to him who had also traveled with their masters to free states. Scott lost the firstcase and brought the case up again in 1850 to the Supreme Court of Missouri, the samecourt which had freed slaves previous on the same terms. The difference now was thattwo of the three justices serving on the court were pro-slavery whereas in cases prior toScott vs. Emerson the Justices had a more apathetic view of slavery and saw it as aneccesary evil. The court ruled against Scott in 1852 and once again his attempt atfreedom had failed. His next step was to take his case into the federal judicial system as hebrought it to the U.S. Circuit Court for the District of Missouri. The Scott case would be very different when entered into the federal courthowever. First Scott had a new owner who was John F.A. Sanford, the brother of Mrs. Emerson. Once again Scotts attempt failed based on Sanford’s argument that Scott hadregained his slave status when he returned to Missouri and therefor was a slave and had noright to seek freedom. This was not Scott’s final attempt at freedom however. He decidedto take his case to the highest court in the nation. Before proceeding to the Supreme Court with his case Dredd Scott found a lawyerto represent his cause. The lawyer that took his case was a man named, MontgomeryBlair, a fellow Missourian. Blair was a highly respected lawyer in Washington, and was ananti-slavery supporter. He also agreed to take Scott’s defense at no charge. The case had ahuge political impact at this time and was delayed one year in order to avoid debates aboutthe controversial topic in the election of 1856. Scott’s case had not attracted much attention until it reached the Supreme Court. The Scott case renewed debate over slavery issues and also the debate over whetherCongress had the power to regulate slavery. Both the republican and Democratic partiesagreed that the slavery issue should rest in the arms of the Supreme Court. .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .postImageUrl , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:hover , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:visited , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:active { border:0!important; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:active , .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316 .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u75e63d27c93b9b771dd11bae84588316:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Origanum Vulgare EssayWhen the Supreme Court met for the first time on the case on February 14, 1857,it favored the previous courts decision that ruled in favor of Mr. Sanford. Yet this caseopened other arguments such as Negro citizenship and the constitutionality of theMissouri Compromise. When these issues were heard in court the court elected ChiefJustice Roger B. Taney to represent the majority decision in the court. The court battlelasted nearly a month and on March 6, 1857, the court had reached a decision. The first decision addressed by Roger Taney was whether or not Scott even had aright to bring this case to court. Taney stated that, one of the privileges reserved forcitizens of the United States was the privilege of suing in a court of the United States. Taney stated that Negroes had no right to bring suit in a U.S. federal court as they werenot citizens and had no right as citizens. Therefor Scott did not have the privilege of evensuing in the court. The other issue addressed was the constitutionality of the MissouriCompromise. The compromise stated that no state above the 36th parallel would be aslave state and slaves residing in them would be free. Taney ruled that the MissouriCompromise was unconstitutional based on his view that slaves were not people butproperty and the Missouri Compromise deprived slaveholders from property which wasunconstitutional. Taney also ruled that Scott’s argument that he lived in a free state wasirrelevant because when he brought his case to court he made his residence in Missouriwhich was a slave state. The case was dismissed for lack of jurisdiction and sent back tothe lower court with instructions for the lower court to dismiss the case also. This upheldthe Missouri Supreme Courts decision r uling in favor of Sanford. The Dredd Scott case can be seen as a failure for Scott himself but it broughtabout many political debates about slavery. The Dredd Scott case in my opinion had thelarger impact on American politics and society than did any other slave related issue. Northerners became outraged at the decisions by the court as well as the Republicans. Southerners looked at the Republicans in disregard as they supported the antislavery issue. The Dredd Scott case inspired many abolitionist feelings amongst Americans. Northernersfeared that slavery would spread to their territory and the Southerners grew angry withanti-slavery followers in the North. Tension between the North and South grew day byday. Four years after the decision in the Scott vs. Sanford case was read by Taney, half ofthe Union seceded and the country began a civil war. Although Dredd Scott did not see the direct effect of his actions he alone changedour country by simply taking a stand. Being in the severe minority it is a huge victory forScott even though he did not win any of his cases or his freedom but he did win the heartsof abolitionists who later would support his cause and eventually fight for the freedom ofall blacks. Dredd Scott was a great man in American history who may not be seen as alarge player in the eventual victory by the North. If it wasn’t for Dredd Scott theNortherners may have never seen the potential for slavery to spread a nd when they leastexpected slavery would consume them also. Dredd Scott brought forth the awarenessabout slavery that leads to the society of today where people are treated as History Essays

Womens right are Humans right free essay sample

Womens rights are Human rights by Hilary Clintons, took a place on September 5,1995. Clinton gave a speech at the United Fourth World Conference for womens equality, located in Beijing, China. There is over 150 government and over 4500 representatives of different organizations. What Clinton is applying in this conference is how women being mistreated and how their rights being violated. In this speech, she uses pathos of emotional appeal to make her audience feel the same way that she feels about this problem. Clinton has been fighting this issue for a very long time, and her whole point is to make every listener to recognize its not fair what is happening to a lot of women and this thing need to stop. Hilarys purpose is to let the whole world knows that womens right are human rights.Hillary chooses an awesome place to give her speech. Even though womens right is an issue in every country in this plant. We will write a custom essay sample on Womens right are Humans right or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page She chooses China because this is where women being violated and treated differently the most. Thru her speech she gives different examples from different perspectives. She addresses how women are important in every community and how many of them being violated, and how both genders should be equal. She starts her speech by explaining how women are meaningful and needed in every moment of the day in any community as individuals or part of families. Hilary addresses how women will increase economy if they will have the same chances as men in the field. if women are healthy and educated, their families will flourish. If women are free from violence, their families will flourish. If women have a chance to work and earn as full and equal partners in society, their families will flourish. And when families flourish, communities and nations do so as well. This explains how women are major factor of any society and we need to bring the equality to them for a better future for any country.Hillary chooses to show how women are violated. At this point, there is nothing stopping Hillary. She points out the most trouble situation where females violated the most, for example in the nineteenth paragraph of Hilarys speech she says, It is a violation of human rights when babies are denied food, or drowned, or suffocated, or their spines broken, simply because they are born girls. She brings a scene of different culture than what the American culture used to. This scene show how women are being rejected to live like human should. Hilary uses a very emotional pathos to make the audience feel bad for women. This a great move of Hillary to motivate some of the listeners to make a move. In a lot of cultures and communities women not treated equally. It is different than 30 years ago, but this issue still need to be fixed. In the speech Hillary address that both genders have to be treated equally. In paragraph 32 of her speech she announces, As long as discrimination and inequities remain so commonplace everywhere in the world, as long as girls and women are valued less, fed less, fed last, overworked, underpaid, not schooled, subjected to violence in and outside their homes- the potential of the human family to create a peaceful, prosperous world will not be realized. As long as both genders are not getting the same rights, there will be no future to any culture. Her main goal is to convince every listener that this problem is a lot bigger than what it seems like. Whatever is your race, believes, gender, we all the same and we all should be treated the same that what Hilary believes in. As an evidence, she states However different we may appear, there is far more that unites us than divide us. She says that because she wants people to be united, she wants them to put their hands with each other at work and in any community. The only way that any country would be better is by working together and avoid the inequality.In the last part Hillary made her huge important points. Since the beginning she has been using many emotional appeals, and now its her time to make the audience believe the truth. The time is now. We must move beyond rhetoric. We must move beyond recognition of problems to working together, to have the common efforts to build that common ground we hope to see. She really wants her audience to make a move toward women right or at least to be supportive. If the emotion of the audience has turned toward this problem, then Hillary has made good job in using pathos to lead her audience in the same path shes leading. Even though none of the audience showed any emotional effect but it is so clear that Hillary used enough emotional appeals to turn the audience emotion. Hillary has made a strong argument that women are important in every community and culture, women being violated in every country in this world, and women must be treated equally as men.

Why Is Writing a College Application Essay So Important?

Why Is Writing a College Application Essay So Important?Parent application essays and applications are two different types of writing. Most likely, your child is applying for an award. An award does not necessarily mean that the child will be eligible to receive a scholarship, but it means that he or she is in a position to benefit from it. These are essays that are required in order to fully understand what the scholarship is for.When writing a college scholarship application essay, you have to consider how it will be used. Scholarships are usually awarded based on the basis of academic performance and potential. However, scholarships may also be given to children who are members of certain groups or their parents. This is the time for your child to state their unique perspective as well as how they fit into the group.There are several things that you need to think about when writing an essay for the college scholarship. It is important that you come up with ideas that will encourag e the student to apply and that will convince the admissions committee that the student is indeed deserving of a college scholarship. This is where an essay sample comes in handy. A scholarship essay sample will help you write what you want, rather than what the admissions committee wants you to write.In order to find a scholarship application essay sample, you can look for it on websites like Khan Academy. You will be provided with hundreds of examples that are free. The reason that these samples are free is because they are written by college admissions officers themselves. These admissions officers are looking for ways to write applications that are more interesting and effective.Some of these college admissions officers do not have enough money to pay for their own materials. Others make a point of working closely with you so that they can be sure that their words reflect all of the information that they wanted to include. This is why you should know that this can be beneficial for you. Using an essay sample will give you a chance to work with someone that is better qualified than you, which will help you to write your application without having to worry about all of the details of how it will be used.Writing a parent application essay is just as important as writing a college application essay. Admissions officers are constantly searching for ways to make their application easier to read. Writing your essay in an organized and coherent way will help you get your scholarship application noticed. This is the first step in getting your scholarship, so your application will show the admissions officer that you took the time to learn more about the college you are applying to.Having a parent application essay is the first step in securing that college scholarship. So make sure that you use a parent application essay sample to help you get that scholarship. With enough dedication, it will pay off.

knowledge about Solar Power and advantages of using natural energy The WritePass Journal

knowledge about Solar Power and advantages of using natural energy Abstract knowledge about Solar Power and advantages of using natural energy AbstractAims and objectivesIntroductionHistory of Solar PowerTypes of Solar PowerSolar thermal:Solar electricity:Advantages of Solar Power:Future of Solar Power: Conclusions:References:Related Abstract This report is about Solar Power. Reader would be interested in reading this report because nowadays natural energy is very important and its’ importance increases every day. In report are included advantages, types, future and history of solar power. As well reader will find information about how solar thermal power works and what is the function of the photovoltaic panels. Also there is a comparison between Solar Power and other types of power sources. That will help you to understand importance of natural energy.   Nowadays Solar Power is not as popular, as it will be in the future, because installation of systems to get energy from sun costs a lot. These factors are also introduced in this work, to show, that people must pay more attention on natural energy, to reduce price and take all advantages of it. Aims and objectives This project was designed to generate knowledge about Solar Power and to learn advantages of using natural energy. The objective is to explain people how to acquaint reader with solar power using examples and interesting facts.    Introduction For thousands of years, people have been using sun for simple needs, such as drying clothes and growing food. But only less than age ago, people have been able to use it for generating power. Majority of people are used to use fossil fuels and are not interested in using new sources of energy. But they would change their opinions and their habits after they learned more about damage made by fossil fuels and all the benefits of natural materials.    History of Solar Power Many consumers thinks that solar power is a relatively new power source but thats not true. The sun has been known to be a source of energy dating back to ancient times. The ancient Greek were the first to use solar power to their benefit, as they built their houses into the side of hills to take advantage of the heat storage from the sun during the day that would then be released during the night. The ancient Romans were the first people to use glass windows to steal the warmth of the sun in their homes. They were so serious about the preservation of this solar energy that they erected glass houses to create the right conditions to grow plants and seeds. While people were benefiting from solar power, the first solar collector was built only in 1776. The collector was built by a gentleman called Horace de Saussare. This invention attracted much interest in the scientific community through the 19th century. In the interest of making use of solar power, Auguste Mouchout created a steam engine that was powered only by solar energy in 1861. This was an exciting event, but the invention was very expensive and it could not be reproduced or even maintained so the steam engine was quickly forgotten. It was during the later half of the 1950’s that solar power saw its first mainstream usage. The first solar water heated office building was built during this time by an architect named Frank Bridgers. A short time later a small satellite of the US Vanguard was powered by a solar cell of less than one watt. After such big strides in the 1950’s, the solar power really took off,   because of cheap oil prices in the 1960’s, it was more affordable for people to power their homes with oil than it was to power their homes or offices with solar energy. There was a rebirth of the solar power in the 1970’s with the steadily increased oil prices; in fact the US Department of Energy financed the Federal Photovoltaic Utilization Program. This program was responsible for the installation and testing of over 3,000 photovoltaic systems. The 1990’s brought an even more mainstream interest in solar power. Solar power was seen as a great alternative to oil and petroleum products. During the 1990’s over one million homes had some form of solar power installed. Today, solar energy is one of the most useful and commonly used source of energy all over the world. Types of Solar Power Solar thermal: Solar thermal power is the process of taking heat from the sun to generate energy.  This type of solar thermal power is usually installed in homes to reduce the cost of heating and cooling the dwelling.  Ã‚  In many cases solar thermal power is used to power the hot water system in a home. Solar thermal power can be used in a passive or active mode.  Ã‚  A passive type of solar thermal system will use the convection to circulate the water where the active water heater uses a pump to circulate the water.  Ã‚  Solar thermal power is also used to power turbines and even some machinery. Solar electricity: Solar panels and are used to convert sunlight into electricity; this is probably the most commonly seen type of solar power.  Ã‚  This electricity can be used to power many different things in a home, such as appliances.  This conversion of sunlight into electricity is done through the photovoltaic panels. Advantages of Solar Power: The most obvious advantage is that solar power is a renewable resource. The sun is available the world over and even though it may go behind clouds and it may go down at night, the sun is still available consistently enough to provide the power we need. In fact, the sun provides more energy than the whole world currently uses! Another awesome benefit of using solar power is that it doesn’t pollute the environment in which we live. Solar power is not associated with toxins or greenhouse gasses like other forms of power are. Solar power is the only type of power that is not harmful to the environment. An amazing thing about solar power is that it is free. You don’t have to pay for the sun. If you simply use solar panels or lights you don’t have to pay to run them. You do have to pay for the installation, but once this is done you get the power for free. In addition, solar cells don’t require the maintenance and they can last a life time so there is relatively little expense associated with solar power. Another often overlooked advantage of solar power is that it is a silent type power. There is no need to use heavy machinery, as is the case when drilling for oil; the solar power just relies on the sun, which is silent. While most people don’t think about noise, when there is an absence of it suddenly we realize how noisy energy production currently is. Future of Solar Power: Solar energy has been used in some form or another since ancient times but the solar energy future remains wide open. The reason for this is that there are so many variables associated with how mainstream solar energy usage becomes.   The biggest deciding factor of solar energy in the future is its cost. Current critics of solar energy state that overall coal and other fossil fuels are just much more affordable, but while fossil fuels may be more economical in the short term, the damage on the environment must be considered!!! Fortunately, the cost of solar power is coming down, which means that the future of solar power is looking good. How quickly solar power is the rule not the exception really has to do with cost. The more that the government pushes consumers toward a fossil free future, the more attention solar power will get and the more attempts will be made to reduce the cost and increase the production of solar power.    Conclusions: In conclusion, the advantages of solar power are vast and far reaching. Not only does this type of power benefit the individual and their home, it benefits the environment that we all live in. Solar power could not only make energy costs plummet for one and all, it could make the earth a better place to be in the long run. References: Miss K. L. Barraclough â€Å"A guide to report writing for first year†, School of engineering, design and technology, The University of Bradford. Mrs Elizabeth Gadd â€Å"An example report† Loughborough University Library, November 2008. darvill.clara.net/altenerg/solar.htm Perlin, John (1999). From Space to Earth (The Story of Solar Electricity). Harvard University Press Halacy, Daniel (1973). The Coming Age of Solar Energy. Harper and Row. Mazria, Edward (1979). The Passive Solar Energy Book. Rondale Press Bolton, James (1977). Solar Power and Fuels. Academic Press

Gender politics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Gender politics - Essay Example Early societies used to value and respect physical strength only because it was the characteristics that were necessary for them to survive. Thus the early warrior society underscored physical strength where brawn mattered because it was perceived to be necessary for survival. This emphasis on physical superiority relegated women to domesticated duties that made her look weak and inferior. They were boxed and stereotype as mothers and wives whose use was only limited to attending the home, taking care of children and husbands and not making any significant impact in society. The advent of universal education and along with it is the maturing society has changed this perception and attitude towards women albeit slower. When schools and universities were opened to women, it was found that they are as capable as men. They have also proven that they are more than capable to handle responsibilities beyond the confined of their homes. Slowly, the perception about women transformed especial ly when society no longer put so much emphasis on brawn and physical strength to survive and prosper. And while many women today may still prefer the comfort of their homes, they now have the option to pursue professional endeavors outside of their homes. Today, women can be found in almost any endeavor contributing and making significant impact in our society just like men. ... Had this been the old age, it would have been tantamount to having women as warriors, leaders, artisans and entrepreneurs which used to be unthinkable. Women’s positions in their respective endeavors were not merely given for the sake of accommodation. Women occupy what they are doing now because it had been proven that they could be as effective as men and they can contribute significantly as much as men could do. The proof can be seen in the list of the world’s most powerful people where Angela Merkel, the Chancellor of Germany and considered as the most powerful person in EU is placed at number five (Forbes, 2013). Her case is not isolated. There are other women who also occupied positions of power who are making significant impact not only in their respective countries but also in the world. Amongst are Dilma Rouseff who is now the President of Brazil and Geun-hye Park the President of South Korea. In business and technology, one of the most prominent technology mak er IBM also has a woman as its Chief Executive Officer in the person of Virginia Rometty. The list can go on and this extends to other endeavors as well. The maturing society has discovered that women have distinct strength that is not apparent to men. Old societies found them to be weak but with proper understanding, they were after all as strong as men. For example, women’s predisposition to be emotional was used to perceived as a weakness that they could not be trusted to a position of responsibility because their being â€Å"emotional† would make them easily panic. Experience and study found this not to be true. This higher emotional sensibility is in fact a strength especially in 20th century where people needs

Translating children's books Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Translating children's books - Essay Example Consisting of four main parts, the first, analyses the translation of children's literature. The second, language aspects will be shown. The third, discusses translation strategy. Following this, the conclusion will summarize the key points in the essay. Translation is simply transformation, a form of adaptation trying to fit a new metaphor with the original (Biquenet & Schulte 1989: 2). Translation is understood as a semantic or linguistic concept. It is seen as part of a transfer mechanism - the process by which textual models of one system are transferred to another. In the process, certain results are produced within the target system, which relate in various and complex ways to products of the source system. The final product from translation is the result of the relationship between a source system and a target system, a relationship that is itself determined by a certain hierarchy of semantic constraints. While viewing translation as part of a transfer process, it must be noted that it is not just translations of texts from one language to another, but also the translations of texts from one system to another - for example, translations from the adult system into the children's. Also children's literature should be understood as belonging to the polysystem of entire literature which consists of both adult and children's literature; hence the transfer from one system to another becomes more crucial (Shavit 1986). The behaviour of translating children's literature is determined by the position of children's literature within the literary polysystem. In transferring the text from the English to Japanese we must consider overall constraints and also innovations in language. Historically language has always evolved throughout the centuries no matter what language we discuss. Many languages borrow words and phrases from other languages. English is especially guilty of this phenomenon. Thus old words, no longer in use, are replaced by newer more contemporary ones. For example classic texts such as Robinson Crusoe and Gulliver's Travels, use old style English language and phraseology which were appropriate in their time. In translation, much has to do with the translators overall motives and methods he or she may employ. Whether to faithfully reproduce the original text to the target using similar phraseology to the original, or adapt the original text by using modern semantic in the target language is a decision the translator needs to make. There is one major problem when translating for children over translating for adults. Like other translations, it is anonymous. But while literature written for children is acknowledged, the translation part of it is not acknowledged. Children's translators are not seen as people possessing their own childhood experiences and child images which they are unable to escape from. Child image is a complex issue based on each individual's personal history and also something that is common in