Schizophrenia - Serious Disease - Free Essay Example

The mind can do wonderful things, which are sometimes so powerful that it can alternate the way people think and also function. Schizophrenia is a very serious disease that affects approximately 1.5 million people per year. Schizophrenia can be very scary to the people that are diagnosed and also can be harmful to the people that are around them. Just like with any mental disease, it always come with symptoms, a diagnosis, and hopefully there can be a treatment to the disorder. Background A great number of people are diagnosed with schizophrenia each year. The odds of having this disease can be increased by ten percent if another family member has schizophrenia. For someone with both their parents having this brain disorder can have their chances increase by forty percent (Schizophrenia WebMD). People that have been identified with schizophrenia have an elevated rate of having genetic alterations than the rest of the public (What is Schizophrenia?). More and more people are diagnosed with schizophrenia in todays society. Schizophrenia is a disease that can develop and become serious overtime. Scientist do not know the importance of the symptoms, but they classify that schizophrenia is an actual disease. (Schizophrenia Mayo Clinic). This specific mental disorder influences a persons opinions, activities, feelings, and the way they see real life (Schizophrenia WebMD). Someone cannot only be diagnosed with schizophrenia, but can also cause it to come more apparent. Having a family past of the disease or an elderly father can expand someones chances to prompting it. (Schizophrenia Mayo Clinic). There are factors that can go into whether someone has this disorder or not. Anyone can become diagnosed by a doctor or physician with schizophrenia. Boys, girls, men, and women can be diagnosed with this mental disorder. However, men usually show symptoms in their early twenties, and symptoms reveal for women in their late twenties and thirties (What is Schizophrenia?). Natural chemicals in the brain, including neurotransmitters also called dopamine and glutamate, could provide evidence to being diagnosed with schizophrenia (Schizophrenia Mayo Clinic). Schizophrenia is a mental disorder that is dangerous and can affect anyone and everyone. Symptoms The symptoms from schizophrenia can vary over time. A person with schizophrenia cannot tell reality from what is not reality (Schizophrenia WebMD). When this occurs the patient cannot comprehend the millions of things going through his or her brain. The person who has symptoms can sometimes believe that the thoughts, vision, or hearing that occurs is real. It can put pressure on the person and sometimes make it very tiring and stressful (What Are). If the doctor or physician give warnings before signs start to worsen it could help more through the process. Symptoms can have a range of severeness between every patient who has it. People with schizophrenia can have very different symptoms from other people with this disease (What Are). People with schizophrenia can hear voices that tell them things and it can sound like echoes or as if more than one person is talking at the same time. Sometimes they go about their everyday normal lives and can have symptoms of this disease and not know it until a physician tells them (What Are). It is best to go to the doctor if there are` signs of schizophrenia, and get diagnosed as soon as possible. If the patient is not diagnosed and given medicine to help them then it can become worse and not know it. Before someones symptoms begin to occur they can worsen over time and cause the patient to enter the prodrome phase (What Are). In this phase they can go into a state that makes psychotic episodes start and the person cannot control them. Time and time again symptoms pop up and the person may not be able to arrange their thoughts correctly which can cause things to worsen even more (What Are). At the end of the day, it is best to go to the doctor as soon as possible if there are any signs of this disease than letting it get worse everyday. Diagnosis There are different categories that come with being diagnosed with schizophrenia. Schizophrenia can be diagnosed into three subtypes: catatonic, disorganization, and undifferentiated (Schizophrenia WebMD). People with catatonic schizophrenia may have a reduce in their reflexes and may become more sluggish. Disorganized schizophrenia is where the person diagnosed may become emotionally disturbed, and undifferentiated schizophrenia is where the person has multiple symptoms of other subtypes of schizophrenia combined. Same as with all health disorders, there is no one way to fully determine if a person has schizophrenia (Dryden-Edwards). Schizophrenia is better if diagnosed early, so the doctor can help the patient before it gets worse. Just like with any form of disorder, many doctors will recommend medication to people with schizophrenia. Some medication for this disorder includes aripiprazole, asenapine, and clozapine (Schizophrenia WebMD). Medication is a good key to help the symptoms that come along with having schizophrenia. To help diagnose a person with schizophrenia a practitioner will ask to perform a physical exam on the patient (Dryden-Edwards). With medication, life with schizophrenia can be much more tameable. Doctors use various types of test to see if someone has schizophrenia. Some of these test are inkblot testing, personality tests, and cognitive testing (Schizophrenia WebMD). These tests are used to get a good general idea of if the patient should be diagnosed or not. Doctors would also use physical exams, screenings, and or psychiatric evaluation (Schizophrenia, WebMD). These tests are easier to get a deeper look into the brain to see if the patient either has schizophrenia or has future potential in getting diagnosed with it. Treatment Schizophrenia is a disease that, if diagnosed, can last forever. Patients can have withdraws, suffer trauma, and be scared of even going outside (Schizophrenia WebMD). This disease cannot be cured, but instead can be helped by taking medications to minimize the effects. The scientific studies for schizophrenia is improving daily due to scientists coming up with new medications to help lessen the problems that can come with this disease (Schizophrenia WebMD). Schizophrenia is a non curable disease that comes with side effects that can be prevented with using medications prescribed by doctors. Medication is a tricky part of treatment for this disease, and can take a while to find the right one for the patients symptoms. Patients who have hard time swallowing pills or do not like pills may have to get shots (Schizophrenia, Mayo Clinic). Even though he or she may not like the medication it is better than having serious problems later on in life. Psychological and social interventions are good to have with a patient who does not want to believe or do not know that they have this life-long disease. (Schizophrenia, Mayo Clinic). Another form of treatment is seeing a therapist, which can be suggested by the doctor if the patient is showing very severe mental signs. If the patient gives the doctors a hard time the possibility of having to be admitted into a hospital if it is a crisis (Schizophrenia, Mayo Clinic). This disease will either worsen over time or get to the point to where the patient can control it. Treatment and medication are very important things to note if diagnosed with this disease. The sooner the patient gets diagnosed by a doctor, the faster and easier the treatment will be. (What is, Carrier Clinic). It is advised by doctors and physicians to seek medical help if noticing any symptoms. If proper treatment is not done, medication will make symptoms worsen over time for the patient (Dryden-Edwards). In the future treatments for the disease are most likely going to lessen as time goes by. The severity of the disease will make it much harder for scientist to keep up with the ever changing symptoms (Dryden-Edwards). Schizophrenia is a serious illness and is a long and drawn out process. Conclusion With symptoms, diagnoses, and potential treatments, behaviors help professionals decipher what disease a patient may have and how a professional can help try to treat it. Schizophrenia is a very serious mental disorder that risks the lives of the people that have it everyday. Even though there is no determined treatment, doctors try their hardest to help out the patients and their loved ones. With the help of medicine, family, and professionals better health can come fast.

Chasing the American Dream The Message Behind Otsukas Literary Devices - Literature Essay Samples

What is the American Dream? It’s the idea that people can come to America with nothing and make something out of nothing; the pulling oneself up by his or her own boot straps. â€Å"The Buddha in the Attic†, is a poetic novel written by Julie Otsuka accounting a group of Japanese brides chasing the American Dream. The novel is written in a poetic fashion, detailing the experiences of Japanese immigrants during the bombing of Pearl Harbor and internment of all people of Japanese descent in the United States. Julie Otsuka utilizes multiple literary devices such as assonance and imagery to convey a group of women chasing a dream that is seemingly unattainable. Otsuka writes this book in a lyrical voice that is unique. The book is written from a first-person plural that describes the experiences from a group perspective, not just from one person at a time. This collective, first-person plural voice is able to provide the reader with a full picture of the experience of Japanese immigrants. Assonance is used to emphasis this group of women had a collective experience as brides from Japan, We stopped writing home to our mothers. We lost weight and grew thin. We stopped bleeding. We stopped dreaming. We stopped wanting. We simply worked, that’s all. We gulped down our meals three times a day without saying a word to our husbands so we could hurry back out into the fields (37) The emphasis on â€Å"we† and being repeated multiple times ensures that the reader understands that these feelings were universal among the group. The usage of assonance emphasizes that the book is written from a collective, first-person plural perspective. Otsuka’s purpose was to not have one main character and would prevent her from telling everyone’s story in equal detail. Not only does Otsuka make sure the perspective from where the book is written is known, but she also describes scenes vividly to the reader. The use of imagery paints a full picture of the experience of this group of Japanese immigrant brides. An example of imagery is in the first section of the book, â€Å"On the boat we slept down below in steerage, where it was filthy and dim†¦.our beds were narrow metal racks stacked one on top of the other and our mattresses were hard and thin and darkened with the stains of other journeys, other lives† (4). This helps to paint the image of what conditions the women came to America in. This example of imagery helps the reader empathize with the women and understanding why they wanted to move to America to fulfill their American Dream. Since the overall point-of-view is told from a first-person plural with the lack of a main character taking over the novel, this also shows the dehumanization the American government did during this time. All people of Japanese descent, even American citizens, were thrown into internment camps. The section titled The Children, discuss that their children wanted to lose their identity as Japanese. They adopted to the Western cultural norms and learned to forget their standard Japanese traditions. The novel’s collective point-of-view represents the marginalization of women in a male-dominated society. By having a collective group voice, instead of focusing on the developing of separate voices, the novel places the women’s universal experiences upfront, and leaves the individual women anonymous. There are no individual characters, but Otsuka is able to provide an insight to individual stories within the first-person plural perspective. While it’s a collective voice, the reader is somehow able to gather that there are individual’s within this group. Each section of the book details more about immigrant life, such as, getting jobs, dealing with the isolation of being Japanese, and realizing their children are forgetting traditions. When the executive order is issued, Otsuka chooses to begin naming the women that make up the collective â€Å"we† throughout the book. This is done, because the American government lumped all Japanese into one group, but Otsuka pays homage to that by making sure the reader knows these women did not lose their identity within this isolation of Japanese people, simply because of their descent regardless of their background or history.

Art of Writing Business Letters Free Essay Example, 2000 words

The author of the following paper claims that in this case of writing a bad news business letter, the scenario taken is that St. Lawrence University has made an order of uniform Dell computer models. Upon the delivery, the University notes that the order delivered is a mixture of Dell, HP, and Compaq computers. Since the institution directors and managers had agreed on uniform Dell computers and its accessories the delivery was not consistent with the indicated order. This scenario is a problem because the University had its schedule to start the program two weeks later. Terrix Computer Company acknowledges that errors and incorrect entries had been made while processing the client s order. The bad newsletter in this scenario is addressed to St. Lawrence University director. The core major focus of this letter is Terrix Computer Company acknowledging the problem and inconsistencies dealing with their client s order; giving a clear and precise explanation for such circumstances; offe ring an apology and, finally, resolving the issue immediately (Sundararajan 107). Terrix Computer Company attributes the underlying company problems and inconsistencies to the wrong transaction entry and computer system breakdown. We will write a custom essay sample on Art of Writing Business Letters or any topic specifically for you Only $17.96 $11.86/page In order for this letter to achieve its objective, Terrix Computer Company acknowledges and accepts responsibility and its commitment to fully makeup and compensate the University. In addition, for the perfection of the letter, an explanation regarding the prevention of future order entry and delivery problems is outlined.

Essay on The Media Influence on Body Image - 925 Words

LITERATURE REVIEW Researchers have used various abstract foundations for examining the relationship between media and body image ( Holmstrom, 2004). Here I review the theory that has been used by researcher in the area. Bandura’s Social cognitive theory (1994) assumed that â€Å"people learn and model the behaviors of attractive others†. The supporters of this theory suggest that young women find slim models in the media attractive and try to imitate them through dieting which leads them to eating disorders. Body image refers to a person’s unique perception of his/her body. It is how we perceive ourselves, how we think we appear to others, and how we feel about our looks from â€Å"our own internal view† (cash, 1990b, p. 51).This internal view is†¦show more content†¦Advertisement also has a great impact on promoting the slim ideals among women. For example the advertisement campaign for Virginia Slims Cigarettes deliberately promoted the message that smoking could help a women become slimmer and hence not only sold cigarettes but also sold the slim ideal of women.(33) What are the effects of media on women’s physical appearance and body image? Emphasis in slenderness among women has contributed to the growth of the weight loss/dieting and cosmetics industries. (Cultivation and social comparison, p. 4). The pressure to conform has driven a growing number of teens to pursue permanent make-up, extensive dieting and cosmetic surgery (Martin and Kennedy, 1993). (Impact of media spokeswomen, p. 1) What are the different sources of media influencing the body image? Television and other media represent one of the most important influences on adolescents’ health and behavior (strasburger and donnerstein, 1999). (impact of media spokeswomen, p. 2) Researchers found out that the number of Female are exposed to supermodel-like images everyday via tv ,diet and exercise- related magazine advertisements and articles that affect their body image perceptions, purchasing behavior, and self confidence.(impact of media spokeswomen, p. 1) Why are women more concerned about their body weight loss and shape than men? Today, weShow MoreRelatedMedia s Influence On Body Image1697 Words   |  7 Pages Ultra-thin models are plastered all over the media today, but have these influential sources thought of the negative outcomes that could change society forever? The notions represented by the media silently incline girls to conform to an ideal that is impossible to reach. Due to their malleable brains, adolescent females are subjected to the image of a perfect body through media’s adverse influence of what a quintessential girl is supposed to look like and the permanent impact it has onRead MoreMedia Influence on Body Image Essay1295 Words   |  6 PagesMedia Influence on Body Image Media Influence on Body Image Everyone has a different view of what is beautiful. Why then can we not transfer that to how we view ourselves? Why can we not be happy with how we look? The simple answer is the media. They show images to millions of people of what they think beauty is. Those images affect society and they view themselves about how they look. Most of these images are unrealistic, and send unhealthy expectations to women on how they should look. ThisRead MoreThe Media s Influence On The Body Image804 Words   |  4 Pagesyou have seen? Media has photoshopped, airbrushed, and tweaked pictures and videos to appear as perfect! The media has made young women feel as if their bodies are not good enough. Young women are being convinced that if they do not look like the â€Å"perfect† women on television then they aren t good enough. Many negativities have resulted from what the media is portraying as the idealized body image; the body size of women portrayed in the media is noticeably getting smaller. The media will do everythingRead MoreMedia s Influence On Body Image942 Words   |  4 PagesA body image is a subjective combination of all the thoughts, emotions, and judgments that an individual may perceive about his or her own body. Each individual has a unique perception of his or her own body. This image is strongly influenced and often times skewed due to the increasing pressure created from outside, societal factors. With a world that is continuously creating new forms of social media and entertainment, individuals are constantly exposed to images that supposedly define bodily perfectionRead MoreThe Media s Influence On Body Image722 Words   |  3 PagesMillions of women, day in day out, are bombarded with the media’s notion of the â€Å"ideal† female body. These impractical images are de picted within women’s magazines worldwide, sending out the message to women that they are not thin or pretty enough. Magazine companies spend billions of pounds yearly on diet and exercise advertisements to include in their magazines, having their readers buy into body dissatisfaction through unrealistic imagery of women, accompanied by dieting and exercise informationRead MoreMedia Influence On Women s Body Image1688 Words   |  7 Pagesthe perfect body image has changed in many ways. This is very evident in the female sex, especially through media. â€Å"Americans spend about 68 hours per week exposed to various forms of media† (US Census Bureau 2009). This media exposure through outlets such as t.v., radio, music videos, movies, and the internet, all influence the way people think about gender. The media influence is very evident in the way people view women and think about women in different cultures. Media influence on women createsRead MoreMedia s Influence On Female Body Image967 Words   |  4 Pagesalways surrounded by a variety of media and we identify ourselves in parts of those images we see. Media believes women should look like Victoria Secret models: tall, lean, and tanned women, but lately there has been issue from women all over the world who are tired of having to be set at impossible types of female figures. Revolving around a certain type of body figure is horrible because bodies come in different shapes and sizes. The media has influenced the female body perception by showing that womenRead MoreMass Media s Influence On Body Image1414 Words   |  6 PagesMass Media’s Influence on Body Image Over the years a debate over who is to blame over the decline in how girls perceive themselves has arisen. With Photoshop being the societal norm concerning the media, it has become difficult for many to understand where the line between real and near impossible standards lies. Youths see an image edited to â€Å"perfection† and strive to reach the standards that they imagine due to the images displayed on magazines, television and social media. From Disney to magazinesRead MoreThe Influence of Media on Body Image, Thematic Analysis3507 Words   |  15 PagesSocial Psychology: The influence of media on body image, thematic analysis Word count: 2,100 The influence of Media on body image A Thematical analysis Abstract: Media is a powerful communicative tool, which can be said, is very easy to influence in many different ways. Although some aspects of media are important to bring to our attention, some other aspects, however, create an incredible amount of negative impact one of these which is body image. In order to identify this issue aRead MoreSocietal Expectations And Media Influences Of Body Image Essay1769 Words   |  8 PagesExpectations and Media Influences of Body Image Numerous studies have been conducted on the various aspects of the impact and societal expectations held by north America and the impacts that it has on today’s youth. Body Image is a picture or mental image of your own body and how you view it.However, during my research process, there were very few sources that supported the media’s projection of body image. As we explore all the aspects of what body image really is and what impact may the media play in

Jane Eyre A State Of Perpetual Limbo - 1837 Words

Joe Holley Bailin 6 April 2015 Jane Eyre Bronte’s Jane Eyre features a protagonist in a state of perpetual limbo between classes. An adoptive orphan placed into the socially and financially perilous role of governess, Jane continually crosses boundaries of social class and hierarchy, leaving her often on the outskirts of English domestic life and leading to a great deal of problems in her marriage to Rochester. Indeed, Jane laments her position within the English â€Å"caste† society in chapter three, when comparing her arguably less-liberated state to that of the â€Å"poor women† of England’s lower social classes, saying that she â€Å"was not heroic enough to purchase liberty at the price of caste† (#). Yet, Jane’s figuring of herself among the†¦show more content†¦Jane makes clear repeatedly in the novel that she does not view her own position as a penniless orphan to have diminished her mind or soul, when she questions Rochester in chapter twenty-three, †Å"Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless?† (#) To Jane, class is not a definitive illuminator of talent or worth; indeed, the novel seems to invite a reading of Jane as an independent, or at the very least self-reliant, young woman. Jane’s position from early in the novel, however, is aptly described by John Reed in the opening chapter, when he calls her a â€Å"dependent,† saying, â€Å"†¦you have no money; your father left you none; you ought to beg, and not live here with gentlemen’s children like us†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (#) There is little in the novel’s depiction of English class and domestic society to contradict John Reed’s assertion; the novel’s most famous dependent, Bertha Mason, appears as an insane figure of colonial oppression and as an apparent â€Å"logical conclusion† to the prevailing English patriarchal domestic ideal. In contrast to Jane, a character presented a s an intelligent, capable young woman who is coming-of-age within the rigid confines of English domestic society, Bertha Mason represents another extreme of the dependent lifestyle: entrapment, both figurative and literal, within the patriarchal domicile. The novel’s portrayal of â€Å"dependency† is, in the case of Bertha Mason, fundamentally

Pew Research On Online Dating - 1907 Words

Pew Research Center) According to the Pew Center Research, 1 in every 10 Americans have used dating site or app.2013 And the reason for 60% of those who use online dating say that they do it for, â€Å"meeting people who share similar interests or hobbies.Notably, Tinder claims to be a social network, rather than a dating app. Still many of it s users start the app with the intentions of dating. While Tinder is still competing with other well established online dating sites, like eharmony, match.com, and OkCupid, the app has attracted the majority of young people with its users varying in ages, 16-34. (Global Web Index) In an effort to help understand the success behind Tinder, Jonathan Badeen, the co-founder of the app reveals in an article from the Business Insider, , You’re human, and you can’t help but make a series of judgments about the people standing before you. (Business Insider) He explained this human nature of judgment, in picturing someone walking into a room with new people. Being that it can basically seem just a judgmental app, he further claims, This rapid recall of accumulated experience and knowledge to form an immediate judgment is what we call intuition. And, as psychological studies have shown, it delivers a surprisingly high level of accuracy. Badeen refers to the app connecting people with the same natural aspects we use on a daily basis when interacting with other people. In general, most of our social media is based on photos. There is aShow MoreRelatedOnline Dating : The Negative Side Of Finding Significant Others Over The Internet1596 Words   |  7 Pagesay, 2017 Online Dating: The Negative Side of Finding Significant Others Over the Internet Before the birth of technology and social media, people approached their significant others face-to face. They encountered their future wives or husbands at schools, malls, markets, libraries or at any physical places. Everyone came to know others by recognizing their real faces, hearing their real voice, and understanding their real personalities. However, as the trend of using technological devicesRead MoreMobile Application And Social Media1632 Words   |  7 Pagesbased on Tinder, the dating app that allows its users to swipe through thousands of photos a day to meet new people. Whether or not you have used Tinder, there s a great chance that you have heard about it, or know someone who has used it. This mobile application is self proclaimed to be, The fastest and easiest way to meet new people and form new connections. (Tinder Facebook) Since Tinder was put out to the public in 2012, this free app has become one of the most used dating applications. (CQR)Read MoreGrand Innovations in Social Interactions Essay1103 Words   |  5 Pagescapable of getting to know each other online until they are ready to meet in person. According to Smith and Duggan 59% of surveyed internet users in 2013 said that online dating is a good way to meet people compared to the 44% in 2005. This shows that more people are accepting online dating as a valid alternative to dating offline. Smith and Duggan also report that â€Å"5% of Americans who are currently married or in a long-term partnership met their partner somewhere online, and among those who have beenRead MoreThe Boom Of Online Dating955 Words   |  4 PagesThe Boom of Online Dating According to Smith and Anderson in the Pew Research Center website, Americans now accept online dating as a good way to meet people. These findings differ from those of their first study in 2005, when most Americans believed that meeting people on the internet was inadequate. And even though people may think online dating is an inferior way to experience love, they probably know someone who met online or someone searching for a love on the internet. A analysis made byRead MoreThe Millenial Generation and Technology1414 Words   |  6 PagesThe recession has caused every one-in-eight older Millennials to return back home to their parents† (3). It is not because they want to, but because it is their only option. According to Richard Fry, a Senior Research Associate at Pews Research Center, the total number of older Millennials living at home is a record 21 million in 2012. There are several factors that cause them to return back to their parents, such as a declining employment rate and rising college enrollment fees. Fry additionallyRead MoreHow The Internet Has Become A Major Vehicle For Social Interactions1187 Words   |  5 Pagestext messages, emails, and online chatting. This social stigma is up for much debate on how it relates to the progression in romantic relationships. This literature review focuses on how the Internet is utilized as a supportive method of courting used by individuals to meet online in hopes of forming a romantic relationship. Counterarguments suggest that online communication expands social interaction because it connects you to a plethora of people at a fast rate. The research of Cooper and SportolariRead MoreThe Changing Temperaments Of Cultural Practices Essay1496 Words   |  6 Pagescommonplace of the internet has allowed online dating to become a progressively popular and socially accepted way to meet significant others. According to the PEW Research Center (2016), 15% of adults in the United States have used online dating sites, while 41% of adults say they know someone who uses online dating. Unfortunately, the prevalence of online dating has opened up a way for malevolent behavior to flourish over the internet. With that being said, online scammers have configured an intimateRead MoreInternet Usage Of Social Media1144 Words   |  5 PagesDuggun of the Pew Research center, â€Å"86% of Americans are currently internet users† (Greenwood et al.) This percentage includes teenagers, emerging adults, and adults. Below are observations of the different trends in internet usage of these different age groups. TEENS: The Pew Research center refers to the age group of teens as those being between the ages of 12 to 17. Amongst this age bracket, â€Å"87% of those (†¦) now use the internet and 51% of teenage internet users say they go online on a daily basis†Read MoreOnline Dating And Its Effect On Society874 Words   |  4 PagesOnline dating in the past verses now has changed drastically in a sense that it’s users has broaden. According to Arron Smith, a publisher in Pew Research Center, in 1995 there were only 14% of adults dating online compared to today, which is nearly nine in ten people being more accepting to these dating services. Its popularity has always ranged from ages 25 to 34 years of age. However, adults stemming from 35 years and up have been taking an interest in these services as well. Many people who areRead MoreOnline Dating And Its Impact On The World1889 Words   |  8 PagesWith the advancement of the Internet, we have seen many changes in the dati ng world. Hundreds of applications and websites have been created in order to connect people locally and internationally. Among these websites and applications are online dating tools. Online dating began in 1995 when Match.com was created, and has grown significantly since. Millennials (the generation born between the 1980’s and the mid 2000’s) were born into the digital revolution. Growing up, we were more likely to text

ISO 9000 Essay Example For Students

ISO 9000 Essay In order to stay competitive, businesses have to be the best at what theydo. Companys must be efficient and presise in all aspects of the job. (Metcalfe1).ISO 9000 is made up of managements responsibility, the producersinvolved in the Quality Management System, the contract review, the designcontrol, document and data control, purchasing, process control, inspection andtesting, control of non-conforming product, corrective action, handling, storage,packaging and delivery, internal quality audits, training, servicing and statisticaltechniques (Prasanna 1). Quality control and quality assurance is veryimportant there are certain requirements that take time and money to be met butin the end there are benefits. Types of specifications are very significant and thedocumentation of those is even more. Manufacturers and purchasers havemajor responsibility in the process of being successful. The quality of a productis so important, especially to the customer.A companys quality managementsyste m must become the documented proof of a firms commitment to qualitymanagement. A plan put together with quality procedures and work instructionsis provided to help companies design their own quality management system. After completing the quality procedures, companies are audited and thendetermined if they should be certified for ISO 9000 or not (Parsanna 2). ISO: International Organization of StandardsFounded in 1947 in Geneva Switzerland, ISO developed internationalstandards and helped exchange goods and services worldwide. It is made up ofover 90 countries including the US, which is called the American NationalStandards Institute. The name ISO came from the Greek word, isos, meaningequal (Henkoff 2). ISO was created by business men (Henkoff 2). Thesebusiness men knew what businesses needed to become more competitive andhow they could get higher customer satisfaction, so ISO was developed. ISO isnot government regulated, but is ran by organizations like the US RegistrarAccreditation Board. Such organizations authorize registrars which issue ISOcertificates (Barrier 2). In Europe some organizations are government regulated. The American National Standards Institute runs the ISO in the US andauthorizes the US Registrar Accreditation Board (Barrier 2). ISOs job is to setstandards for companies all over the world so that their products come outefficiently and to the best quality. This helps the customers who receive theexports know exactly what they are getting and are satisfied with the product. Setting these standards is done by ISO members at assembly meetings. Proposals are developed by the ISO Council, which is like the board of directorsin a business. These meetings are held three times a year and the membershipis rotated to allow more representatives in (iso online). Standards aredeveloped by technical committees. 30,000 experts participate to givecomments, feedback and to vote in meetings which are held15 times a dayelectronically.The experts are chosen by an ISO member of that country (isoThe ISO 9000 series was published in 1987 (iso online). It is astandardization system that was developed by ISO. It is obtained by 130countries, but its main office is in Geneva, Switzerland where the system iscoordinated and the finished standards are published (iso online). These ISOstandard are rules and guidelines that e nsure the product that a manufacturingbusiness produces is safe, reliable and efficient (iso online). These standardsmakes sure that businesses are living up to their promises. An ISO 9000certificate is given to a business when it maintains the quality managementrequirements determined by ISO (Henkoff 1). ISO 9000 helps a business to getcertified by telling it what requirements it should meet and how it will meet them. It provides a framework for a company. It sets standards worldwide and helpexport goods to other countries. However, the company must have good strongleaders for it to thrive. The success of ISO 9000 on a business largely dependson the businesss organization. Planning, training, setting and achieving goalsare all key to improvement or success of a business (Henkoff 5). ISO 9000makes sure a company is doing what it says it is doing and helps them do it. However, that doesnt mean it is running the company and telling it what to do(USAToday 1). The business is still an i ndependent business it is just gettingadvice on how to manufacture things and earning a certificate that is appealingto customers. However, that also doesnt mean that ISO 9000 promises thequality of a companys product will be great; Richard Buerow, director ofcorporate quality at Motorola states: With ISO 900 you can still have terribleprocesses and products. You can certify a manufacturer that makes life jacketsfrom concrete, as long as those jackets are made according to the documentedprocedures and the company provides the next of kin with instructions on how tocomplain about defects. Thats absurd (Henkoff 3). Its steps and procedureswill help a manufacturers product become better produced. ISO 9000 is divided into three equally ranked quality systems which abusiness can chooses by what quality system will cover their business processISO 9001 is for a business whose processes range from design anddevelopment, to production, installation and servicing. ISO 9002 is for a business t hat does not carry out design and development butanything else that is under ISO 9001. ISO 9003 is for a business whose process does not include design control,process control, purchasing or servicing, but uses inspection and testing toensure that final products and services meet specified requirements. Element 4.1: Management ResponsibilityThe responsibility of executive level management in regard to qualitypolicy, goals, commitment and implementation of the company quality systemHere management must have a Quality Policy and have it understoodthroughout the business. It is then managements responsibility to gatherresources and have trained employees to do the work. The Quality System isthen monitored by management representatives who report back to managementA Quality System must be used to ensure the product conforms tospecifications. The system will be described in documentation of sufficient detailto include structure, processes, and procedures that ensure product qualityThis system must be fully documented to fit ISO 9000 standards in aquality manual. This manual should contain a table of contents and history ofthe company (Stimson 168). This manual should also include customersspecifications and requirements (Stimson 165). The system should go with thebusinesss mission and po licy and show how its requirements should be met. Written plans should be shown on how to fulfill customers standards. A documented system for review and amendment of the contract, toensure customer performer agreement of expectations (Stimson 317). Some Major Parts of Industrial Relations in Bangladesh EssayCustomers have such a broad list of choices that today the competitivefield almost forces a company to be ISO 9000 certified. The certification helpsbusinesss compete, plan, audit and award (Henkoff 2) which means companieswho dont have it should get it. It is only implying that with out it their operatingsystem is incoherent by the workers and their quality system is poor. Foreignconsumers now demand ISO 9000 because they will know what they are goingto get when purchasing with that company (Metcalfe 2). ISO 9000 certification isvery important to the manufacturer because it saves money by reducing need foroutside quality audits and incoming products inspections (Barrier 1). Being ISO9000 certified is very important to the customer, because he/she knows that thebusiness has quality management procedures and knows what quality is in theproduct because it has the same standard through out the world. This opensnew global door s to companies which they would never get without ISO 9000. Now, ISO 9000 is more recognized than when it first came out, but only by somecustomers and only some companies have it. Two thirds of executives atmidsize manufacturing dont know what ISO 9000 is, they think it is a legalrequirement for doing business (Henkoff 2). The businesss who do have itusually get chosen by the customers. During the year 2000 it will be impossibleto compete with out it because it will be a very recognized and a very popularISO has produced and developed standard systems for screw threads tocredit and telephone cards to the this way up sign on boxes to the ISBNnumber in every book (iso online). Thousands of companies all over the worldare ISO 9000 certified. Here are some real life businesses that are certified andstories on how they have used ISO 9000 as a competitive weapon. Caterpillar Engines in Mosville, Illinois had customer complaints abouttheir engines not performing properly. ISO 9000 gave the manufacturers asystematic way to order a design change, make sure they used only the latestdocuments and made engines more efficiently. Their production time went downand their customer satisfaction went up (Henkoff 3). The Rockwell Internationals Allen-Bradley plant in Twinsburg, Ohio makecircuit boards and other electronics. Their problem was that they were extremelyunorganized. Tons of documentation and memos were posted up on a memoboard, most workers didnt get them until months later. Their managementquality was poor, so they got ISO 9000 certified. After getting certified withinone year their productivity improved 21%, time dropped 18% and productExcalibur USA became ISO 9000 certified and more than $10 million wassaved in operating expenses in a year. They gained 30% more business. Production increased, costs went down and customer satisfaction went upESPITI, a European software industry wanted to become morecompetitive so they got ISO 9000 certified. Being certified was essential to thembecause they knew it ensured quality and productivity and it is very good forUganda textile companies in Africa were getting hit by the worst cheapimports of fabric and their sales were bad. Once ISO 9000 cer tified they hadnew standards and fabric imported to them was good. It will lower productioncost and improve sales. Uganda is so satisfied with the improvement that fiftymore companies will have certification by the end of the year (Africa 1). In Batam, Indonesia twelve companies were ISO 9000 certified. Thecompanies were chosen because they wanted to have a competitive edge in ahuge global market demand and wanted to attain a good quality working systemCloister Spring Water Company in Lancaster, PA expanded by openingup three new plants. However, they were afraid that water would be bottled anddelivered differently at each plant. ISO 9000 certification solved that problemand in three years sales soared 250% more than they expected (USAToday 1). ISO 9000 is a competitive weapon all over the world and is becomingmore and more popular. In the October 1998 issue of Quality Progress, asurvey of 1240 US companies showed that of the certified companies (iso90% thought it is a value-added quality system87% thought that it was necessary to remain competitive78% thought that it definitely improved quality within a company73% thought it will save money in the long run99% said that it cannot be implemented without management commitment. Over 20,000 companies in the US are certified today. This shows thatbusinesses believe in a strong quality system, management quality,improvement, profit and competitiveness. All these business essential make upBibliography:BibliogrphyStimson, William A. Beyond ISO 9000: How to Sustain Quality in a DynamicWorld. New York: Amacom, 1998. Barrier, Micheal, Amy Zuckerman. Quality Standards the World Agrees on: Small Businesses Can Meet ISO 9000 Standard. Nations Business01 May 1994: 71-73. Martorana, Jamie. Newsbreak: 6 LI Manufacturers Granted Funds. Newsday29 November 1999: 1. Raman, Prasanna. An Insight into ISO 9000 for Small Businesses. NewStraits Times 24 February 1998. Metcalfe, Coll. Ventura County Business; The Business Beat: Firms Find ISO9000 Certification Means Business. Los Angeles Times02 March 1999: B1. Henkoff, Ronald. Managing: The Hot New Seal of Quality. Fortune 28 June 1993: 116. Surveyor Indonesia to Grant 12 ISO 9000/14000 Certificates. Asia Pulse 03 February 1998. ISO 9000 Helps Firms Achieve Consistency. USA Today 27 May 1998: 02B. Software Industry: ISO 9000 Key to Improving Europes SoftwarePerformance. European Report 01 May 1996. ISO Raises Manufacturers Hopes. Africa News Service 05 January 2000. IRS Lets Manufacturers Deduct Quality Certification Expenses. BloombergL.P. 06 January 2000. ISO 9000. Computer Desktop Encyclopedia 01 January 1998. International Organization for Standardization Homepage. 27 February 2000.